My comments about the Chicago/Illinois med illustration program were not meant to be critical, only informative as I understood it. Brad has confirmed what I was told by Lew Sadler and others. It is essential today that all medical/biological programs include thorough training in digital illustration. But to be a good digital artist, one must understand the basics of drawing and the effects one can get with traditional media, particularly light on form. Computers are but another tool, a powerful pencil or paintbrush. I suspect that having the experience of putting that last tiny touch on a traditional illustration that gives it ooomph!, communicates best, or conveys a feeling of reality, gives one background in knowing what to aim for with a computer program after mastering its capabilities. You can be a great renderer in any medium but not necessarily a good artist or designer. Probably some students come into any biological/medical illustration program lacking some traditional as well as digital skills. Maybe this is like (but not as bad as) some university students coming in without academic basics. Maybe some of these students don't belong in the respective programs or maybe their raw talent qualifies them for being "brought up to speed." I vote for having both traditional and digital methods being taught in all programs. Seems to me the UC Santa Cruz has successfully combined both in a program that lasts only a little over a year and offers a grad. certificate. Others are doing the same combination. G'ma Elaine Elaine R.S. Hodges [log in to unmask] 85253 Ridgetop Drive Eugene, OR 97405-9535 Phone: 541-684-0484, Fax: 541-684-9662 USA