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Print and put this on one of your Hymenoptera cabinets for future generations. Feel free to add to or edit and re-share. Cheers, Mike On Mon, Apr 20, 2020 at 2:58 PM David Redei <[log in to unmask]> wrote: > Also: does the directionality of the symbol matter? It seems well agreed >> that ♀ means "female." But if the symbol is turned upwards like so: ♁, >> does it mean "male" or "female" ? >> > > Yes, it matters. The "reverse female symbol" (a "+" on top of a circle) > generally means male. So, if something is directed upwards, or obliquely > upwards, either a little arrow, or a cross, that is generally male. > Sometimes you can see some other solutions as well, e.g. consider this: > https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.biodiversitylibrary.org_item_96704-23page_750_mode_1up&d=DwIFaQ&c=Cu5g146wZdoqVuKpTNsYHeFX_rg6kWhlkLF8Eft-wwo&r=-lUMCZ4RK28H4qvcd3vmEBuyVJHHG0OpDzFenR9wX-A&m=2-sTOjXexUh-Py8TWCYF3UdpTx6xEfQTm8DGwGl0WDE&s=G72MqZq627wctaapsCDgQmkZv1OtcweW5ZnMMric2oA&e= > <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.biodiversitylibrary.org_item_96704-23page_750_mode_1up&d=DwMFaQ&c=Cu5g146wZdoqVuKpTNsYHeFX_rg6kWhlkLF8Eft-wwo&r=-lUMCZ4RK28H4qvcd3vmEBuyVJHHG0OpDzFenR9wX-A&m=0yaeOoAz_KbMqyXJ2M0acfotebiRU9Lnt89nBLG8hbI&s=RbQ4i6T8oUuheixiLOIMk8U14YhLQJDdvrl2ryfxde8&e=> > In vol. 15, p. 264 for both Harpactor dudae and Edocla albipennis (and for > many other spp. in the same article) you will see a small cross (x) placed > obliquely right upwards to a circle. It superficially looks similar to a > standard male symbol (Mars' spear, where the spear is directed obliquely > upwards), but the spear/arrow itself is replaced by an "x" -- or if you > have a careful look you will see that the "x" is in fact rather a "+" > rotated by 45 degrees. This most certainly means a male (I studied all > specimens mentioned in this paper, and all individuals referred to with > this unusual symbol were turned out to be males). These strange solutions > were usually used for technical reasons -- note that in the above linked > issue the standard, arrow-like male symbol occurs abundantly in the first > several pages up to p. 256, but from that point they were fully replaced by > the "circle and x" male symbols up to the end of the issue. The printing > company apparently did not have enough metal letters (so-called *sorts or > types*, cf. "*type*setting") for the male symbol (a rather unusual, > rarely used symbol, which was however needed in a big amount for taxonomic > publications like this one), therefore after he ran out of the available > sorts, the typesetter replaced it with a circle and a closely placed "+" > (rotated by 45 degrees) sort on the printing form. > > With best regards, David Redei > > On Tue, 21 Apr 2020 at 01:38, Rachel Hawkins <[log in to unmask]> > wrote: > >> Also: does the directionality of the symbol matter? It seems well agreed >> that ♀ means "female." But if the symbol is turned upwards like so: ♁, >> does it mean "male" or "female" ? >> >> >> On Mon, Apr 20, 2020 at 12:59 PM Rachel Hawkins <[log in to unmask]> >> wrote: >> >>> Aha! Jason, this is exactly the sort of thing I was hoping to find. >>> >>> The entry on "sex" is also illuminating: >>> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.biodiversitylibrary.org_page_1330748&d=DwIFaQ&c=Cu5g146wZdoqVuKpTNsYHeFX_rg6kWhlkLF8Eft-wwo&r=-lUMCZ4RK28H4qvcd3vmEBuyVJHHG0OpDzFenR9wX-A&m=2-sTOjXexUh-Py8TWCYF3UdpTx6xEfQTm8DGwGl0WDE&s=o90PuUZK-9nx9Sc3MufFZ6ameGCOVXUUY5JWlvwBFiM&e= >>> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.biodiversitylibrary.org_page_1330748&d=DwMFaQ&c=Cu5g146wZdoqVuKpTNsYHeFX_rg6kWhlkLF8Eft-wwo&r=-lUMCZ4RK28H4qvcd3vmEBuyVJHHG0OpDzFenR9wX-A&m=vJ81TAxHW0CuA09aIqz_0B1FeW_VuOFQp853A-czT60&s=DU1lgnDFlfZ7LHWBKLxcMgcRSpPJpnTSjYzlD7wgl4k&e=> >>> "Sex: as a number, six: the physical difference between male and female: >>> usually indicated by the sign of Mars (♂) for male, and Venus (♀) for >>> female ; workers or undeveloped females have the sign of Venus without the >>> cross line ..., or a combination of the two others ( ☿ )." >>> >>> On Mon, Apr 20, 2020 at 12:53 PM Jason Gibbs <[log in to unmask]> >>> wrote: >>> >>>> Smith (1906) Explanation of terms used in entomology. Brooklyn >>>> Entomological Society, page 88. >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.biodiversitylibrary.org_item_16806-23page_102_mode_1up&d=DwIFaQ&c=Cu5g146wZdoqVuKpTNsYHeFX_rg6kWhlkLF8Eft-wwo&r=-lUMCZ4RK28H4qvcd3vmEBuyVJHHG0OpDzFenR9wX-A&m=2-sTOjXexUh-Py8TWCYF3UdpTx6xEfQTm8DGwGl0WDE&s=hSYeNOSvMpNAZZAcmcniUAMicZkXjX9JhiQ20hEmPkg&e= >>>> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.biodiversitylibrary.org_item_16806-23page_102_mode_1up&d=DwMGaQ&c=Cu5g146wZdoqVuKpTNsYHeFX_rg6kWhlkLF8Eft-wwo&r=-lUMCZ4RK28H4qvcd3vmEBuyVJHHG0OpDzFenR9wX-A&m=TLJRC--5vRozM9EL60Zz1eHeSMNTixuF3oZhPgj4tpY&s=5m3st8FNvjCeGIaG8zGynUEqm14U3tevlioQCc0MmFg&e=> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> Under ‘neuter’ includes the mercury symbol (with the little horns) and >>>> an imperfect Venus symbol (missing the horizontal line of the cross) to >>>> represent workers. >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> Jason Gibbs >>>> Assistant Professor >>>> Department of Entomology >>>> Curator, J. B. Wallis / R. E. Roughley Museum of Entomology >>>> University of Manitoba >>>> 12 Dafoe Rd., >>>> >>>> Animal Science/Entomology Bldg. Rm. 213 >>>> Winnipeg, MB, Canada >>>> R3T 2N2 >>>> Phone: (204) 474-7485 >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> *From:* Entomological Collections Network Listserve < >>>> [log in to unmask]> *On Behalf Of *Tommy McElrath >>>> *Sent:* April 20, 2020 11:17 AM >>>> *To:* [log in to unmask] >>>> *Subject:* Re: Sex determination symbols >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> *Caution:* This message was sent from outside the University of >>>> Manitoba. >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> Rachel, >>>> >>>> I would love to get an actual reference for this as well. We have many >>>> bee specimens at INHS with the “☿” symbol that I had to double check >>>> was “worker/non-reproductive female”. As a coleopterist, when I started at >>>> INHS, it was first time coming across the symbol, and it will doubtless be >>>> unfamiliar to many students and volunteers who work in the collection, or >>>> with people who are transcribing determination labels. >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> *--* >>>> >>>> *TOMMY MCELRATH* >>>> *Insect Collection Manager* >>>> >>>> Illinois Natural History Survey >>>> Prairie Research Institute >>>> University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign >>>> 1816 S. Oak Street | M/C 652 >>>> Champaign, IL 61820 >>>> 217-300-5938 | [log in to unmask] >>>> insect.inhs.illinois.edu >>>> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__insect.inhs.illinois.edu_&d=DwMFaQ&c=Cu5g146wZdoqVuKpTNsYHeFX_rg6kWhlkLF8Eft-wwo&r=-lUMCZ4RK28H4qvcd3vmEBuyVJHHG0OpDzFenR9wX-A&m=1UFz1k6Lw_woKMepPXpAaeszGN76eoKnZ129V-iKNsg&s=bG9yNPcW9v54ikGPErnb2Mta31_0zTg4EzsIbhiIdsI&e=> >>>> >>>> [image: facebook] >>>> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.facebook.com_INHSInsects_&d=DwMFaQ&c=Cu5g146wZdoqVuKpTNsYHeFX_rg6kWhlkLF8Eft-wwo&r=-lUMCZ4RK28H4qvcd3vmEBuyVJHHG0OpDzFenR9wX-A&m=1UFz1k6Lw_woKMepPXpAaeszGN76eoKnZ129V-iKNsg&s=xBT8N9OA7avvgAXylXh-xVrGSvw17iszpi1Ugtyvtf8&e=> >>>> [image: instagram] >>>> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.instagram.com_inhsinsects_&d=DwMFaQ&c=Cu5g146wZdoqVuKpTNsYHeFX_rg6kWhlkLF8Eft-wwo&r=-lUMCZ4RK28H4qvcd3vmEBuyVJHHG0OpDzFenR9wX-A&m=1UFz1k6Lw_woKMepPXpAaeszGN76eoKnZ129V-iKNsg&s=IxgSQAaTMlFB3WEBCTvfCW6YAdkadX7mibBdgQx2mAE&e=> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__illinois.edu_&d=DwMFaQ&c=Cu5g146wZdoqVuKpTNsYHeFX_rg6kWhlkLF8Eft-wwo&r=-lUMCZ4RK28H4qvcd3vmEBuyVJHHG0OpDzFenR9wX-A&m=1UFz1k6Lw_woKMepPXpAaeszGN76eoKnZ129V-iKNsg&s=2SKdUjZMkACZOiFnjCESfjC8HzdXMUV9d5Q21HoWRIE&e=> >>>> >>>> *Under the Illinois Freedom of Information Act any written >>>> communication to or from university employees regarding university business >>>> is a public record and may be subject to public disclosure. * >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> On Apr 20, 2020, at 11:10 AM, Rachel Hawkins <[log in to unmask]> >>>> wrote: >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> Does anyone have a good reference source on the different types of sex >>>> determination symbols or caste determination symbols that are used in >>>> entomological collections? We've come across some older variations and want >>>> to make sure we are interpreting them consistently. >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> For example: does this refer to male or female? ♁ >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> I know there are some specific conventions in social insects as well >>>> and would be interested to hear from those folks as well. >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> To be clear, I'm asking about symbols like ♂, ♀, ☿, ♃, etc. (many of >>>> which can also be found depicted here: >>>> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__en.wikipedia.org_wiki_Planet-5Fsymbols&d=DwIFaQ&c=Cu5g146wZdoqVuKpTNsYHeFX_rg6kWhlkLF8Eft-wwo&r=-lUMCZ4RK28H4qvcd3vmEBuyVJHHG0OpDzFenR9wX-A&m=2-sTOjXexUh-Py8TWCYF3UdpTx6xEfQTm8DGwGl0WDE&s=bNc7MoQ08S9HUamHeAs0SgkCfNHOsKfVxGBNJAyj_-8&e= >>>> <https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__en.wikipedia.org_wiki_Planet-5Fsymbols&d=DwMFaQ&c=Cu5g146wZdoqVuKpTNsYHeFX_rg6kWhlkLF8Eft-wwo&r=-lUMCZ4RK28H4qvcd3vmEBuyVJHHG0OpDzFenR9wX-A&m=F_Gt5Sv53a-t_-mqGHfB9ul5u_m25auJSGckxmo2n7s&s=XLXwYV-scIfQwZ9mt-HsuhjsCCtuk6Ny1Qzn-GPnvRQ&e=> >>>> ) >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> Thanks! >>>> >>>> Rachel >>>> >>>> >>>> -- >>>> >>>> Rachel L. Hawkins >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> Curatorial Assistant >>>> >>>> Entomology Dept. and Pierce Lab >>>> >>>> Museum of Comparative Zoology >>>> >>>> Harvard University >>>> >>>> 26 Oxford St. >>>> >>>> Cambridge MA 02138 >>>> >>>> >>>> >>> >>> >>> -- >>> Rachel L. Hawkins >>> >>> Curatorial Assistant >>> Entomology Dept. and Pierce Lab >>> Museum of Comparative Zoology >>> Harvard University >>> 26 Oxford St. >>> Cambridge MA 02138 >>> >> >> >> -- >> Rachel L. Hawkins >> >> Curatorial Assistant >> Entomology Dept. and Pierce Lab >> Museum of Comparative Zoology >> Harvard University >> 26 Oxford St. >> Cambridge MA 02138 >> > -- Michael L. Ferro Collection Manager, Clemson University Arthropod Collection (CUAC) Dept. of Plant and Environmental Sciences 277 Poole Agricultural Center Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0310 OFFICE: 307 Long Hall [log in to unmask] (preferred) [log in to unmask] https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__sites.google.com_site_clemsonarthropodcollection_&d=DwIFaQ&c=Cu5g146wZdoqVuKpTNsYHeFX_rg6kWhlkLF8Eft-wwo&r=-lUMCZ4RK28H4qvcd3vmEBuyVJHHG0OpDzFenR9wX-A&m=2-sTOjXexUh-Py8TWCYF3UdpTx6xEfQTm8DGwGl0WDE&s=XKZULBEHfjCApUGX11Y8yfvjgdEkTimCcGlqut1IO_g&e= Subject Editor: The Coleopterists Bulletin; Insecta Mundi Residue Photos: https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__photos.app.goo.gl_EVknqBNJO28tfcHg2&d=DwIFaQ&c=Cu5g146wZdoqVuKpTNsYHeFX_rg6kWhlkLF8Eft-wwo&r=-lUMCZ4RK28H4qvcd3vmEBuyVJHHG0OpDzFenR9wX-A&m=2-sTOjXexUh-Py8TWCYF3UdpTx6xEfQTm8DGwGl0WDE&s=ngPqG4L5aBPNryEmI4GrYwQIJ9nur9dMKjd9sJS0e8I&e= https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__photos.app.goo.gl_KWJY6VHoFybAq8FL2&d=DwIFaQ&c=Cu5g146wZdoqVuKpTNsYHeFX_rg6kWhlkLF8Eft-wwo&r=-lUMCZ4RK28H4qvcd3vmEBuyVJHHG0OpDzFenR9wX-A&m=2-sTOjXexUh-Py8TWCYF3UdpTx6xEfQTm8DGwGl0WDE&s=FBBBh7QQpQCDUWYIPiWS8VjB63zD9tlFC5pw9i20qfI&e=